Chapter-7 DIRECTING

Chapter- Directing

Case studies and Application based questions

1.Mr. Fernandes is the owner of Unibie Enterprises, carrying on the business of manufacturing electrical appliances. There is a lot of discontentment in the organization and targets are not being met. He asked his son, Michel, who has recently completed his MBA, to find out the reason. Michel found that all decision making of the enterprise were in the hands of his father. Moreover, his father did not have confidence in the competency of the employees. Thus the employees were not happy. 

(a) Identify any two communication barriers because of which ‘UnibieEnterprise’ was not able to achieve its target. (b) State one more barrier each of the types identified in part (a) above[4] CBSE,OD 2016

2. A.S. Environs Ltd.’ is dealing in Environment- Consultancy. To get thebusiness, the team leader and his team used to travel to different states to give presentation to their clients. As per the policy of the company, the team leader used to travel by air whereas his team travelled by road/train. It was not only time consuming but also at times forced the female team members to travel alone. As a result, the subordinates were not acting in a desired manner to achieve organizational goals. The CEO of the company came to know about it. He called the team leader, discussed the matter with him and decided to change the travel policy of the company. It was decided that in future all the members including the leader would travel together and usefully utilize the travelling time in discussion about the presentation to be given to the clients. This made a positive impact and every member of the team started acting in a manner as desired by the team leader. State the features of the element of the function of management used by the CEO. [4] CBSE,OD 2016

3. Prateek is working in a multi national company in Noida. He was running temperature for the last many days. When his blood was tested, he was found positive for malaria. He was admitted in the hospital and a blood transfusion was advised by the doctors as his condition was very serious. One of his colleagues sent a text message to his superior ‘Mr. B. Chatterjee’. Mr. B. Chatterjee immediately sent a text message to the employees of the organization requesting them to donate blood for Prateek. When the General Manager came to know about it he ordered for fumigation in the company premises and for cleaning the surroundings.

(a) From the above para quote lines that indicate formal and informal communication (b) State any two features of informal communication (c) Identify any two values that are being communicated to the society in the above case. [5] CBSE,OD 2016

4. In the organisational context basic salary helps to satisfy the basic physiological needs of hunger, thirst, shelter, sleep etc. How are the remaining needs given by Maslow in his need hierarchy are satisfied? Explain briefly. [4] CBSE,DELHICOMPTT. 2016

5. ‘Laxmi Ltd. is an IT company having 1,000 employees. All its employees take things easy and are free to approach any one for minor queries and problems. Because of this the operations of the company are disturbed and its revenue has declined. Everyone is seen talking to each other resulting in inefficiency in its offices. It has also resulted in loss of secrecy and confidential information being leaked out. Explain the measures that the manager should adopt to improve communication system of ‘Laxmi Ltd’.[4] CBSE,DELHICOMPTT. 2016

6. Pramod was a supervisor at ‘Annapurna Ata’ factory. The factory was producing 200 quintals of aata every day. His job was to make sure that the work goes on smoothly and there was no interruption in production. He was a good leader who would give orders only after consulting his subordnatesand work out the policies with the acceptance of the group.

Identify and describe the leadership style being adopted by Pramod. [3] CBSE,DELHI 2015

7. Jaideep recently joined as the Managing Director of 'Tivori Ltd.', an apparel designing company. He observed that the company had a number of experienced fashion designers on its payroll. They regularly offered useful suggestions which were neither appreciated nor rewarded by the company. Instead the company outsourced its services to some renowned fashion designers and paid them a good compensation for their services. Because of this the employees felt disheartened and stopped giving useful suggestions.

(a) Identify the communication barrier discussed abov and State the category of this communication barrier.

(b) Explain any other communication barrier of the same category. [3] CBSE,OD 2015

8. Neeraj, a sales representative of ‘Omida Ltd.’ has changed seven jobs in the last one year. He

is a hard working person but is not able to finalise deals with the customers due to his inadequate

vocabulary and omission of needed words. Sometimes he uses wrong words because of which

intended meaning is not conveyed. All this created a misunderstanding between him and his

clients.

(a) Identify the communication barrier discussed above.

(b) State the category of this communication barrier.

(c) Explain any other communication barrier of the same category. [3] CBSE,DELHI 2015

(iii) State any three features of the element identified in (ii) above. [5] CBSE,DELHI 2015 

9. Anjali had been working with 'Tata Enterprises' for the last ten years. She was famous for her dedication towards the work. When the Manager senior to her retired, all her colleagues thought that now Anjali would be promoted. But to everyone's surprise the vacant post was filled by an outsider 'Miss Monika'. Anjali felt demoralised and her performance started declining. She would absent herself often and could not meet her targets. Miss Monika was a good leader who would not only instruct her subordinates, but also guide and inspire them. She noticed Anjali's behaviour and felt that her performance could be improved. She started involving Anjali in decision-making issues related to the organisation and made her a part of a high-level joint management committee. Anjali was now punctual to office and her performance started improving.

(a) Identify the function of management being performed by Monika (b) Name the element of the above function of management which helped Monika to improve Anjali's behaviour. (c) State any three features of the element identified in (b) above. [5] CBSE,OD 2015

10. Neha was a regional sales manager in 'Good Look Garments Ltd' for ten years. On the retirement of the marketing manager Neha applied for the same post as she was extremely ambitious and had dedicated all her energies to obtain the post of marketing manager. However, the top management of the company decided to fill this post by selecting a better person from outside the company. Because of this Neha was heart-broken and her performance declined. When the new marketing manager joined, one of her major problems was how to motivate and inspire Neha to her former level of performance? Suggest any three non-financial incentives that the new marketing manager may use to motivate Neha.  [3] CBSE,DELHICOMPTT. 2015

11. Aarav was working as a supervisor with 'Neer Purifier Ltd.' which was producing water purifiers. The target of the company was to produce 200 water purifiers every day. His job was to make sure that work goes on smoothly and there was no interruption in production. To achieve this, he always gives orders and insists that they are obeyed. He believes that reward or punishment both can be given depending upon the performance. Identify and describe the leadership style being adopted by Aarav. [3]CBSE DELHI 2014

12. KPM Ltd.' is manufacturing breads and biscuits for many years. It has approximately 150 employees and most of them are not happy with the working environment. Because of this the labour turnover rate is very high. Therefore the company appoints a new Human Resource Manager, Naveen, to analyse the situation. Naveen finds that there is no free flow of communication, and there is no suggestion box for the employees to voice their suggestions or grievances. The company rarely organises a social or cultural gathering, the employees just come, finish their work and leave the organisation.

(a) Identify the communication barrier discussed above. (b) State the category of this communication barrier. (c) Explain any other communication barrier of the same category[4] CBSE,FOREIGN 2015

13. The functions and performance of the supervisor are vital to an organisation because he is directly related with the workers whereas other managers have no direct touch with bottom level workers.’ In the light of this statement, explain any four functions of a supervisor.

14. Kavya is working in a company on permanent basis. As per the job agreement she had to work for 8 hours a day and was free to work overtime. Kavya worked overtime. But even after working for long hours and putting in her best efforts, no recognition was given to her by her boss. Due to overtime she fell ill and had to take leave from her work. No one showed concern and enquired about her health. She realised that she was fulfilling only some of her needs while some other needs still remained to be fulfilled. (i) Identify and explain the needs of Kavya discussed in the above para, by quoting the lines. (ii) Also explain two other needs of Kavya followed by the above needs, which still remained to be satisfied. 

15. Rahim was working in an enterprise on daily wages basis. It was difficult for him to fulfill the basic needs of his family. His daughter fell ill. He had no money for his daughter's treatment. To meet the expenses of her treatment, he participated in a cycle race and won the prize money. The cycle company offered him a permanent pensionable job which he happily accepted.
(i) By quoting the lines from the above para identify the needs of Rahim that are satisfied by the offer of cycle company.
(ii) Also, explain two other needs of Rahim followed by above that are still to be satisfied.

16. Ms. Aarja is promoted to the post of Principal in A.S. Public school. Ruchika and Anu  are Business studies teachers as well as good friends.  One day at lunch they were discussing about the behaviour of ​the newly appointed Principal. The Principal sets the targets for the subject teachers without discussing it with them .She verbally tells them that if task is not completed within the given time period then strict ​action will be ​taken against them.  On the next day, one of the teacher explain some problems to the​Principal but the Principal does not grasp the message as she was busy doing her own work.  At the end of the given time period, the Principal has seen that few teachers could not complete their task.  

a. Identify the type of communication used by Ruchika and Anu.

b. Which style of leadership is followed by Ms. Aarja?

c. Name the type of communication barrier highlighted in the given question.

d.  

17. Mr. Martin is working as a production manager in Cairn India Ltd. He is supported by a qualified and competent workforce. He gives opportunities to all his subordinates to give suggestions for achieving the most productive results. 

i. Identify the leadership style represented by Mr. Martin.

ii. Give its two advantages.

iii. Also give any two values that are being assumed by him.

Chapter-6 staffing

Ch-6 (Staffing)

Case Studies and application based questions 

1. The workers of ‘Vyam Ltd.’, are unable to work on new & hi-tech machines imported by the    company to fulfill the increased demand. Therefore, the workers are seeking extra guidance from the supervisor. The supervisor is over burdened with the frequent calls of the workers. Suggest how the supervisor, by increasing the skills & knowledge of workers, can make them handle their work independently? Also state any three benefits that the workers will derive by the decision of the supervisor.  

2. Zenith Ltd. is a highly reputed company and many people wanted to join this company. The employees of this organization are very happy & they discussed how they came in contact with this organization. Aman said that he was introduced by his present Sales Manager, Mr. John. Benu said that he had applied through the newspaper and was appointed as H.R. manager. Vaibhav said that he was neither related to any of the employees of the organization nor there was any advertisement in the newspaper. Even then he was directly called from IIM Ahmedabad from where he was about to complete his MBA.

a) The above discussion is indicating an important function of management. Name the function of management. 

b) The management function identified in (i) above follows a particular process.State.

c) Identify the source of the process identified in (ii) above 

d) Identify the value highlighted by Aman, Venu,&Vaibhav about Zenith Ltd.  

3. Nishant the director of a garment company, is planning to manufacture bags for the utilization of waste material from one of his garment units. He has decided that this manufacturing unit will be set up in a rural area of Orissa where people have very few job opportunities and labour is available at very low rates. He had also thought of giving equal opportunities to men & women. For this he wants four different heads for sales, Accounts, Purchase and Production. He gives an advertisement and shortlists ten candidates per post after conducting different selection tests.

a) Identify & state the next three steps for choosing the best candidate out of the candidates short listed.

b) Identify two values which Nishant wants to communicate to the society by setting up the manufacturing unit.  

4. Satnam Ltd. are the manufactures of ‘Gents Designer Suits’ with their own trade mark. During the year 2013-14 the company employed 30 senior technicians to work on machines imported from America for manufacturing ‘Gents Designer Suits’. The technicians were employed on probation of one year. They were put on their respective jobs after one 7 month’s on the job training. Because of the faulty selection process, the technicians could not perform well. Ten of them left the job on their own and 12 had to be removed by the company during the probation period. Now the company is in the process of selecting new technicians. Advice the company about any three types of selection tests, describing each in about 20 words, that may be used for selecting the desired technicians. [3] CBSE,OD COMPTT. 2016

5. Ms. Neelam recently completed her post graduate diploma in Human Resource Management. A few months from now a large steel manufacturing company appointed her as its Human Resource Manager. As of now, the company employs 800 persons & has an expansion plan in hand which may require another 200 persons for various types of additional requirements. Ms. Neelam has been given complete charge of the company’s Human Resource Department. What functions is she supposed to perform.  

6. Ashish, the Marketing Head, Raman, the Assistant Manager and Jyoti, the Human Resource Manager or ‘Senor Enterprises Ltd.’ decided to leave the company. The Chief Executive Officer of the company called Jyoti the Human Resource Manager and requested her to fill up the vacancies before leaving the organisation. Informing that her subordinate Miss AlkaPandit was very competent and trustworthy, Jyoti suggested that if she could be moved up in the hierarchy, she would do the needful. The Chief Executive Officer agreed for the same. Miss AlkaPandit contacted ‘Keith Recruiters’ who advertised for the post of marketing head for ‘Senor Enterprises Ltd.’ they were able to recruit a suitable candidate for the company. 

Raman’s vacancy was filled up by screening the database of unsolicited applications lying in the office. 

(a) Name the internal / external sources of recruitment used by ‘Senor Enterprises Ltd.’ to fill up the above stated vacancies of Jyoti , Ashishand Raman .

(b) Also state any one merit of each of the above identified source of recruitment. 

7. Resolutions Pvt. Ltd. is a publishing company. Its book on BusinessStudies for class XII is in great demand. As a result, the employees in the marketing department are always racing against time. The

employees have to work overtime and on holidays to cater to thedemand.

Managers in the marketing department are under stress as they have to handle more than two territories. The work stress has led todissatisfaction among the employees and managers.

a) Name and explain the step of staffing process which has not been performed properly.

b) State the next two stages immediately following the step identified in part a.

8. A company was manufacturing ‘LED bulbs’ which were in great demand. It was found that thetarget of producing 300 bulbs a day was not met by the employees. On analysis, it was foundthat the workers were not a fault. Due to electricity failure and shortage of workers, the companywas not able to achieve the set targets and alternative arrangements were needed.To meet the increased demand, the company assessed that approximately 88 additional workerswere required out of which 8 would work as heads of different departments and 10 would workas subordinates under each head. The required qualifications and job specifications were alsoenlisted. It was also decided that necessary relaxation should be given to encourage women, persons from backward and rural areas and persons with special abilities to assume responsible positions in the organisation. All efforts were made to match the ability of the applicants withthe nature of work.

(a) Identify the concept of one of the function of management identified when company assessed that approximately 88 additional workers were required out of which 8 would work as heads of different departments and 10 would work as subordinates under each head.

(b) Identify the step in the process that function which covers the concept identified in part (a)

(c) Explain next three steps.

9. Mohit Gupta is working with 'Yellow Security Services Ltd.' He is also recruiting security guards for the company. The company provides security services in Delhi and Noida at short notice to various companies. The guards are recruited on temporary basis. The guards provided by this company are known for their honesty and punctuality. Mohit Gupta is well known in his village for providing employment to unskilled people. 

(a) Name the source of recruitment used by 'Yellow Security Services Ltd.' (b) State anyone disadvantage of this source of recruitment. (c)What step should be incorporated in selection process by 'Yellow Security Services Ltd.' to check the reliability of candidates while selecting guards  . (d) Identify any two values communicated to the society in the above stated case

10. Geetu Ltd. is a big organization having various departments in it. In its marketing department number of employees is much more than requirement whereas, in purchase department some of the posts are lying vacant and there is shortage of staff. Advise the HR manager of the company as to what method he should follow to balance the demand of employees in both departments. An accountant is sent to learn the new software for accounting to prepare the books of accounts faster and accurately. He was further sent for orientation to improve his motivational and conceptual skills.

(a) Identify and explain the two concepts explained above.

(b) Differentiate these concepts on the basis of suitability, method used and nature

11. To evaluate the performance of the employees Infosys set, different criteria like timeliness, quality of work carried, customer satisfaction, peer satisfaction, and business potential, were considered. The personal skills of the employees were also evaluated based on their learning and analytical ability, communication skills, decision making, change management, and planning and organizing skills. Each of these criteria was measured on a scale of 1 to 5 (with 1 signifying above the expected performance level and 5 below the expected performance level).

a) Identify and state the step of the staffing process that the Infosyshas followed in the above para

b) Also explain the next two steps followed by the above

Chapter-5 organising

Case Studies and Indirect Questions 

Chapter – 5(Organising)

1. ‘Steelo Ltd.’ decided to set-up its steel manufacturing factory in the backward area of Orissa where very less job opportunities were available. People of that area welcomed this effort of ‘Steelo Ltd.’ To attract people to work in its factory it also decided to provide many other facilities like school, hospital, market etc. in the factory premises. 

‘Steelo Ltd.’ started earning huge profits. Another competing company asked its production manager ‘Aslam’ to investigate the reasons of earning huge profits by ‘Steelo Ltd.’ 

Aslam found that in both the companies there was systematic co-ordination among the various activities to achieve organisational goals. Every employee knew who was responsible and accountable to whom. The only difference was that in his organisation communication took place only through the scalar chain whereas ‘Steelo Ltd.’ was allowing flow of communication in all the directions as per the requirement which lead to faster spread of information as well as quick feedback. 

(a) Identify the type of organisation which permits ‘Steelo Ltd.’ they flow of communication in all the directions. 

(b) State another advantage of the type of organisation identified in (a) above. 

(c) State any two values which ‘Steelo Ltd.’ wanted to communicate to the society. [4] CBSE,DELHI 2016

2. Ajanta Foods Ltd. is engaged in the trading of ‘Noodles’. It has its registered office in Kolkata, manufacturing unit in Solan and marketing department at Delhi. Which type of organisational structure the company should adopt to achieve its target? [1] CBSE,ODCOMPTT. 2016

3. An Indian information technology company presently employing 10,000 people, desires to expand its business in manufacturing, trading etc. It wants to become a global company. To achieve its objectives it has started shifting from a centralized to a decentralized management system. Identify the management function being performed by the company to become a decentralized company. [1] CBSE,DELHICOMPTT. 2016

4. Interaction among people at work gives rise to a network of social relationships among employees. This relationship emerges when people interact beyond their officially defined roles. When people have frequent contacts they cannot be forced into a rigid formal structure. Rather based on their interaction, and friendship they tend to form groups which show conformity in terms of interest. Name the form of relationships mentioned in the above lines and state its any four characteristics. [5] CBSE,DELHICOMPTT. 2016

5. Alliance Ltd. is engaged in manufacturing plastic buckets. The objective of the company is tomanufacture 100 buckets a day. To achieve this, the efforts of all departments are coordinatedand interlinked and authority-responsibility relationship is established among various jobpositions. There is clarity on how is to report to whom. Identify the function of management highlighted in above case.[1] CBSE,DELHI 2015

6. 'Himalaya Ltd.', is, engaged in manufacturing of washing machines. The target of the organisation is to manufacture 500 washing machines in a day. There is an occupational specialisation in the organisation which promotes efficiency of employees. There is no duplication of efforts in such type of organisation structure. Identify the type of organisation structure described above. [1] CBSE,OD 2015

7. Neeraj Gupta started a company 'YoYo Ltd.' with ten employees, to assemble economical computers for the Indian rural market. The company did very well in its initial years. AB the product was good and marketed well, the demand went up. To increase production the company decided to recruit additional employees. Neeraj Gupta, who was earlier taking all decisions for the company, had to selectively disperse the authority. He believed that people are competent, capable and resourceful and can assume responsibility for effective implementation of their decisions. This paid off and the company was not only able to increase its production but also expanded its product range with different features. 

a) Identify the concept used by Neeraj Gupta through which he was able to steer his company to greater heights.

b) Also explain any three points of importance of this concept. [4]CBSE,OD 2015

8. To make the annual function of the school successful the principal of the schooldivided all the activities into task groups each dealing with a specific area likerehearsals, decoration, stage management, refreshments etc. Each group was placed under the overall supervision of a senior teacher. Identify the function of management performed by the Principal in doing so. [1] CBSE,DELHICOMPTT. 2015

9. A company has been registered under the Companies Act with an authorized share capital of Rs20,000 crores. Its registered office is situated in Delhi and manufacturing unit in a backward district of Rajasthan. Its marketing department is situated in Bhopal. The company is manufacturing Fast Moving Consumer Goods (FMCG). (i) Suggest with the help of a diagram a suitable organization structure for the company. (ii) State any three advantages of this organization structure. . [4] CBSE,DELHICOMPTT. 2015

10. It helps a manager to extend his area of operations as without it, his activities would be restricted to only what he himself can do. Identify the activity referred to, in the above statement and state its elements .[4] CBSE,DELHICOMPTT. 2015

11. Alliance Ltd is engaged in manufacturing plastic buckets. The objective of the company is to manufacture 100 buckets a day. To achieve this, the efforts of all departments are co-ordinate, and interlinked and authority responsibility relationship is established among various job positions. There is clarity on who is to report to whom. (i) Name the function of management discussed above (ii) List the steps in the process of the function identified above. (iii) How is “clarity on who is to report to whom” useful in carrying out the above function?

12. A manager, no matter how capable he is, cannot manage to do every task on his own. The volume of work makes it impractical for him to handle it all by himself. As a consequence, Mr. Rahul, production manager of Zee Ltd downwardly transfers some of his authorities viz. determining long term objectives, adapting suitable course of action and allocating resources etc. to Mr. Hemant, one of his subordinates. 

(I) Name the process under which Mr. Rahul transfers some of his authority to Mr. Hemant.  (ii) Name the elements of the process identified above. (iv) Distinguish between the elements with reference to ‘Flow’.    

13.  Radhika is the General Manager of Delta ltd. Radhika is facing a lot of problems regarding some policy on sales. The organization has an aim to increase sales by 20%.and return on investment by 10%. Instead of talking to the sales department, she directly consulted her friend Ayesha in finance department, about the problems. She talked to her freely about her problem.  (i) Identify the type of organization followed by Ayesha ltd.  (ii) Give any one advantage & one limitation of the organization identified above.

14. The directors of B Ltd. an organization manufacturing toys have asked their production manager to achieve a target production of 100 computers per day. The production manager has asked his foreman to achieve this target but he did not give him the authority for the requisition of tools & materials from the stores department. The foreman could not achieve the desired target. Can the directors blame the production manager, and can the production manager blame his foreman for not achieving target? Give reason in support of your answer.  

15. Nowadays there is a trend in the companies to address all the employees with their first name, even the superiors. Which type of organization is encouraged by such actions and give its three features.   

16. In 2006 AzimPremji decided to reorganize the Wipro Company. Wipro leadership was brought closer to the customers by removing the entire layer of management and empowered the business managers. They further empowered those who reported to them. 

Name and explain the concept which led to empowerment.

Explain the importance of it. (any4).